Cannabis in Luxembourg

Luxembourg is often described as the first EU country to legalize cannabis, but what it legalized is narrow. Since 21 July 2023, adults may grow up to four cannabis plants per household from seed at their home or usual residence, out of public view, and consume the harvest there. Buying cannabis, carrying it, sharing it outside the household and using it anywhere other than at home all remain prohibited, and minors may not use or possess it at all.

The 2023 law softened penalties for small amounts rather than removing them. Possessing, transporting or using up to 3 grams outside the home brings a €145 taxed warning, or a criminal fine of €25 to €500, according to the Ministry of Justice. Above 3 grams, the penalty is eight days to six months in prison and/or €251 to €2,500, and offering cannabis to minors carries up to two years and €25,000. Drivers commit an offense with 1 ng/ml of THC or more in their blood.

There is no legal place to buy cannabis. The previous government published a concept on 28 April 2023 for state-licensed production at two sites and resident-only sales capped at 30 g a month, but it never became a bill. The 2023–2028 coalition agreement keeps home growing and says the government will watch Belgium, France and Germany before going further. A study published in June 2026 found limited change in use and seizures after the law but a 22% rise in cannabis drug-driving cases.

Medical cannabis has been legal since the law of 20 July 2018, with a pilot program running since February 2019. Only doctors who have completed Health Directorate training may prescribe, on a secure duplicate pad, for severe chronic pain in serious illness, chemotherapy-induced nausea and multiple sclerosis spasticity. It is dispensed exclusively by four hospital pharmacies, in Luxembourg City (CHL and Hôpitaux Robert Schuman, Kirchberg), Esch-sur-Alzette (CHEM) and Ettelbruck (CHdN), and the ministry's patient leaflet says it is free at the counter. Since 1 January 2025, THC-dominant flower is no longer supplied and the maximum is 60 g of flower per 28 days; THC-rich oil remains. Patients must live in Luxembourg, be covered by the national health fund (CNS) or be Luxembourg nationals, which includes many cross-border workers.

CBD is legal in its own lane. Police guidance says CBD products must contain less than 1% THC; smokable hemp flower, resin and hemp cigarettes are taxed like tobacco, must carry a customs fiscal stamp and may not be sold to under-18s. Cannabis-derived cosmetic ingredients are prohibited and CBD extracts in food are treated as unauthorized novel foods.

Visitors have no legal source of cannabis: a guest cannot buy, and home growers may not share outside their household. Cannabis bought in a Dutch coffeeshop or a German club is illegal to bring in, and Luxembourg CBD flower above 0.3% THC is illegal in France. This page is general information, not legal advice.