Medical cannabis in Italy: the state producer SCFM
Verdex lists 1 Italian cannabis producer, the military plant SCFM in Florence, the only authorized grower. 400 kg quota in 2026; FM1 and FM2 explained.
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One plant in Florence, on Via Reginaldo Giuliani, is the only place in Italy allowed to grow cannabis for medicine. The Stabilimento Chimico Farmaceutico Militare (SCFM), a state military pharmaceutical plant, makes Cannabis FM1 and FM2 for pharmacies. Its 2026 production quota is 400 kilograms under a Health Ministry decree of November 5, 2025, the same figure as the previous three years, and domestic production met less than 20% of demand, according to Il Sole 24 Ore in 2025. The rest is imported. Italy has no cannabis shops: adult use is illegal, and the only legal way to obtain THC cannabis is a prescription filled by a pharmacy.
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FM1, FM2 and imports: what pharmacies dispense
| Product | Origin | THC | CBD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabis FM2 | SCFM, Florence (since December 2016) | 5 to 8% | 7.5 to 12% |
| Cannabis FM1 | SCFM, Florence (since 2018) | 13 to 20% | under 1% |
| Imported pharmaceutical flower | Chiefly the Netherlands, via authorized wholesalers (2024 trade report) | Varies | Varies |
Any doctor registered with the Ordine dei Medici can prescribe, on a non-repeatable magistral prescription under Article 5 of Law 94/1998, with the patient's written informed consent. The pharmacy returns a stamped copy, which is your proof of lawful possession at police checks. Reimbursement depends on your region: some pay for specific conditions, elsewhere the patient pays in full. SCFM's own production price was €6.88 a gram before VAT, according to a 2024 trade report.
Supply is uneven, so a pharmacy may wait for stock, and the product on your prescription may be Italian or imported. Do not confuse the medical route with hemp shops. Trade in hemp flower has been banned since April 12, 2025, and the Constitutional Court hearing on that ban is set for October 21, 2026. See our guide to medical cannabis in Italy and the penalties for personal use.
Questions about this list
Who grows medical cannabis in Italy?
Only the Stabilimento Chimico Farmaceutico Militare (SCFM) in Florence is authorized to grow it domestically, with a 2026 quota of 400 kg set by a Health Ministry decree of November 5, 2025. Most supply is imported.
What is the difference between FM1 and FM2?
FM2 has 5 to 8% THC and 7.5 to 12% CBD and is the balanced option; FM1 has 13 to 20% THC and under 1% CBD, according to the product ranges Verdex summarized. Both come from SCFM in Florence.
Can any Italian doctor prescribe medical cannabis?
Yes. Any registered doctor can issue a non-repeatable magistral prescription with the patient's written informed consent, and a pharmacy with a galenic laboratory prepares it. Regional reimbursement is usually tied to specific conditions.
Buying in Italy
Possession
Personal use is an administrative offense (DPR 309/1990, art. 75): 1–3 month suspension of license, passport or firearms permit for cannabis; formal warning possible for a first minor case.
Home grow
Not legal; Cassation joint chambers (12348/2020) held minimal, rudimentary grows purely for personal use are not a crime, case by case.
Sales
Illegal; supply is a crime under art. 73 (2–6 years and €5,164–77,468 for non-minor cannabis cases).
Medical
Any registered doctor may prescribe magistral preparations; FM1/FM2 from Florence plus imports; reimbursement set by each region.
Summary, not legal advice — rules change; check local law.
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